What is an Ovarian Dermoid Cyst and How is it Treated?

Dermoid Cyst An ovarian dermoid cyst is an extremely rare type of nonmalignant tumor that may form within the ovary.  The medical dictionary defines it as “a bizarre tumor, usually benign, in the ovary that typically contains a diversity of tissues including hair, teeth, bone, thyroid, etc.”  This type of cyst is also called a dermoid or ovarian teratoma.

A dermoid cyst is generally removed by surgery.  It doesn’t usually cause complications unless it grows large enough to make the ovary twist.  It also may burst and need emergency surgery.

In about 2% of cases, dermoid cysts will become cancerous.  It’s important to get them treated as soon as possible.

What Causes a Dermoid Cyst?

The exact reason that a dermoid cyst is formed is not known; however, doctors do know where it comes from.  In the ovary, there are cells called oocytes.  Theses are the immature eggs.  In some rare cases, these oocytes start to divide and grow into different types of body tissue, including hair, teeth, and bone. 

 

How is it Diagnosed?

Dermoid cysts are usually first found during a pelvic exam.  The doctor will feel a lump on the ovary and order an ultrasound.  If the cyst that is found is filled with fluid, it’s generally a functional cyst.  But if the doctor sees that the cyst has hair, teeth or other bodily tissues in it, it will be diagnosed as a dermoid cyst.

 

How is it Treated?

Dermoid cysts are generally removed surgically.  If it is smaller than 2 1/2 inches in diameter, then you will have a laparascopy.  If it’s larger, then surgery is needed.  Your ovary is left unless the cyst has encompassed the whole thing.